The
Harry Potter books are filled with complex and mysterious characters.
Among them, two who stand out as particularly intriguing are the surly,
unpopular Potions Master, Severus Snape, and Harry's long-dead mother,
Lily Potter.
At first glance, these two seem to have little in
common, beyond their age and the wildly differing circumstances linking
both to the irrepressible James Potter. There is only one recorded
instance of the two characters interacting, and that less-than-pleasant
incident only comes to light well into the fifth book. So the notion of
a romantic link might seem far-fetched.
But if we've learned
one thing watching Harry's story unfold, it is to look beyond the
obvious. JKR delights in pulling the wool over our eyes, and Snape
seems to be one of her favorite agents for doing so. Time and again,
she makes us believe he is a villain, irrational, unfair, or just plain
wrong--only to show us later that we were partly or wholly mistaken.
It's
easy to overlook, with the books' wealth of characters and detail, but
Snape is among the most key figures in Harry's life. In fact, as of the
end of Order of the Phoenix--with Sirius dead, Remus away from
Hogwarts, and Wormtail working for the enemy--he seems to be Harry's
only immediate, concrete link to his own past. Indeed, Harry's only
vivid impression of his mother comes to him through Snape, albeit
involuntarily.
I don't believe we've seen the full story, nor
that JKR has finished using her unfortunate Potions Master to reveal it
to us. There is a reckoning due between Harry and Snape--some final
revelation that will either seal their mutual animosity forever, or
bring them to some sort of understanding at last.
Could that revelation have something to do with a thus-far-undisclosed connection between Severus Snape and Lily Potter?
My
intention is not to "prove" that this ship is canonical--who knows what
ships will be sunk by the publication of the next two volumes?--but to
demonstrate its compatibility with canon as of the end of Order of the Phoenix, and to try to explain the pairing's appeal.
"...a
teacher with greasy hair, a hooked nose, and sallow skin...His eyes
were black like Hagrid's, but...They were cold and empty and made you
think of dark tunnels."
--Philosopher's Stone, Chapters 7 & 8
We
know quite a bit about Severus Snape--arguably, more than we know about
any other adult character in the series. But far more compelling are
the things we don't know: his motivations; his private demons; his true opinions and loyalties.
What we know:
Roughly
36 years old, Snape has shoulder-length, greasy-looking black hair;
uneven yellowish teeth; pale, sallow skin; and glittering black eyes.
He is described as thin and always wearing black, with a cold, "silky"
voice. He tends to speak somewhat formally, but is seldom lacking for
something sarcastic (if not downright hurtful) to say. His expression
is rarely, if ever, pleasant, and his behavior suggests both a volatile
temper and a flair for the dramatic.
His hatred for James
Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin, and Peter Pettigrew* is
well-documented. Nevertheless, Snape takes very seriously the Life Debt
incurred when James saved him from a messy demise at the hands of
Lupin-the-Werewolf.
Sometime after leaving Hogwarts, Snape
joined Lord Voldemort's cause and became a Death Eater. Within a few
years, however, he renounced the cult and gave his loyalty to Albus
Dumbledore, Headmaster of Hogwarts, serving as a spy among the Death
Eaters for the Order of the Phoenix. It was presumably during this time
that Dumbledore taught him the psychic arts of Legilimency and
Occlumency.
Following the deaths of James and Lily Potter and
the Dark Lord's disappearance, Dumbledore vouched for Snape to the
Ministry of Magic, shielding him from prosecution, and hired him as
Potions Master.
Though predisposed to hate James and Lily's son,
Harry, Snape has gone to considerable trouble to keep the boy alive and
safe--ostensibly due to the unresolved Life Debt.
At the end of Goblet of Fire,
Snape's Dark Mark (the symbol of his servitude to Voldemort) reappeared
for the first time since the Dark Lord's fall, and he undertook some
undisclosed, but seemingly dangerous task for Dumbledore. Throughout Order of the Phoenix,
he repeatedly came to the Order's headquarters, apparently with
important information. Harry suspects Snape is spying for the Order,
but this is still unconfirmed.
During this same time, Dumbledore
persuaded Snape to tutor Harry in Occlumency. The attempt ended
disastrously due to the Pensieve incident (below.)
*aka
Moony, Wormtail, Padfoot and Prongs (MWPP); sometimes termed "The
Marauders" by fans, due to their creation of the Marauder's Map.
"She had thick, dark red hair that fell to her shoulders and startlingly green almond-shaped eyes--Harry's eyes."
--Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 28
The information we have regarding Lily is, alas, much less detailed, and entirely secondhand.
What we know:
Lily was a lovely, red-haired, green-eyed Gryffindor.
Her maiden name was Evans; her Muggle sister, Petunia, thought her a
"freak" and wished nothing to do with her. She was Head Girl in her
seventh year, and so must have been an excellent student. And--as of
the day the Class of '78 took their O.W.L.S.--she loathed James
Potter, denouncing him as a bully and a show-off, and was not afraid to
stand up to him in public on behalf of his victims (see below.)
Nonetheless,
after leaving Hogwarts, she and James married. They joined the Order of
the Phoenix and fought against Voldemort, surviving three direct
confrontations. Following a prophecy which suggested their child might
prove the Dark Lord's downfall, the Potters went into hiding as Muggles
in the town of Godric's Hollow.
Harry was born on July 31, 1980.
On October 31, 1981, James and Lily were betrayed by their
Secret-keeper, Peter Pettigrew, and died at Voldemort's hands--but Lily
invoked an ancient magic which turned back the Killing Curse meant for
Harry, and Voldemort was defeated and banished.
Lily carried an
Ollivander wand made of willow--a "Nice wand for charm work." So we can
surmise that she had some talent for Charms.
It's also worth
noting that Lily may have had a chance to save herself--Voldemort
apparently told her to stand aside as he prepared to kill Harry. She,
naturally, refused.
III. Canon
It is
important to remember that everything we learn about both Snape and
Lily in the books comes to us through Harry--and that Harry is young,
biased, and working largely from incomplete secondhand information.
While the idea of a Snape/Lily relationship existed in the fandom prior to the publication of Order of the Phoenix, its major canonical support lies in that volume, and particularly in Chapter 28, "Snape's Worst Memory."
In
this chapter, Harry (who is studying Occlumency with Snape) sneaks a
look into the latter's memories, stored in a Pensieve. He witnesses a
scene from Snape's fifth year at Hogwarts--a memory involving his own
parents.
The full scene is too long to quote here, so to summarize:
Prompted
by a bored Sirius, James begins to taunt and abuse Snape, who has been
quietly minding his own business. He tries to fight back, but James
overpowers him easily. This occurs in front of a sizeable group of
onlookers, including the other Marauders.
Lily intervenes. ("Leave him alone!...What's he done to you?" "Well, it's more the fact that he exists, if you know what I mean...")
Lily accuses James of being an arrogant bully; James offers to let Snape go if Lily will go out with him.
Lily
replies that she would sooner date the school Squid. Meanwhile, Snape
manages to recover his wand. He casts a hex at James, who promptly
suspends him in the air upside down. Snape's robes fall over his head,
revealing his old, graying underwear.
Reluctantly amused,
Lily still insists that James let Snape down. James obligingly drops
him; when he gets up, wand raised, Sirius body-binds him. Lily angrily
draws her own wand.
James releases Snape at Lily's insistence, and remarks, "...you're lucky Evans was here, Snivellus--"
Snape replies, "I don't need help from filthy little Mudbloods like her!" ("Mudblood" being, of course, a vile Pureblood term for the Muggle-born.)
Lily appears taken aback. ("Fine...I won't bother in the future. And I'd wash your pants if I were you, Snivellus.")
James demands that Snape apologize to Lily. Lily shouts at James, "I don't want you to make him apologize! You're as bad as he is..."
After
cutting down an indignant James for a good paragraph, Lily strides off,
leaving James to take out his frustration on Snape.
There are several other canonical references which may be significant:
In Philosopher's Stone, Chapter 8, Snape asks first-year Harry an unreasonably difficult question regarding the use of asphodel and wormwood.
In Prisoner of Azkaban,
Chapter 18, we learn of Sirius Black's terrible fifth-year Prank. He
told Snape how to find the entrance to the Shrieking Shack where Remus
transformed into a werewolf every Full Moon. Snape survived the
incident (or escaped lycanthropy) only because James Potter found out
and intercepted him before he encountered the wolf.
The only
canonical explanation for this lapse in judgement on Sirius's part was
that he "...thought it would be--er--amusing..." All JKR has to say about it is "Sirius loathed Snape (and the feeling was entirely mutual)." Again, no mention of why.
In the same chapter, Remus speculates that Snape's hatred of James stemmed from envy of his Quidditch skills.
In Goblet of Fire,
Chapter 27, Sirius says, "Snape knew more curses when he arrived at
school than half the kids in Seventh Year, and he was part of a gang of
Slytherins....Rosier and Wilkes...The Lestranges...Avery..."
In Chapter 24 of Order of the Phoenix, Snape says to Harry:
"Fools
who wear their hearts proudly on their sleeves, who cannot control
their emotions, who wallow in sad memories and allow themselves to be
provoked this easily--weak people, in other words--they stand no chance
against [Voldemort's] powers!"
In Chapter 26,
during an Occlumency exercise, Harry glimpses several of Snape's other
memories. All of them involve a young boy in unhappy situations--crying
during a violent adult argument, boredly zapping flies with his wand,
ridiculed by a girl as he tries to control an uncooperative broomstick.
It's generally assumed that this boy is Snape, though this is not
explicitly stated.
In Chapter 29, Harry confronts Sirius and Remus about the scene in the Pensieve, and the following exchange occurs:
"[Lily] started going out with [James] in seventh year," said Lupin. "Once James had deflated his head a bit," said Sirius. "And even stopped hexing people just for the fun of it," said Lupin. "Even Snape?" said Harry. "Well,"
said Lupin slowly, "Snape was a special case. I mean, he never lost an
opportunity to curse James, so you couldn't really expect James to take
that lying down, could you?" "And my mum was okay with that?" "She didn't know too much about it, to tell you the truth," said Sirius.
During
the same conversation, Sirius also notes, "...James and Snape hated
each other from the moment they set eyes on each other..."
In
Chapter 37, Dumbledore admits to Harry his mistake in asking Snape to
conduct the Occlumency lessons: "...some wounds run too deep for the
healing. I thought Professor Snape could overcome his feelings about
your father--I was wrong."
And finally, three observations:
We are not told why Snape joined the Death Eaters.
...nor why he later defected.
Throughout
the series--despite countless nasty remarks Snape makes about Harry,
his father, his friends, and practically anything else connected with
him--with the sole exception of that one remembered insult, he never says a word about Lily.
IV. Interpretations
By
itself, nothing in the preceding section suggests a connection between
Snape and Lily. But reading between the lines, it's possible to see how
such a connection could exist.
The memories Harry glimpsed,
plus the fact that Snape was well-versed in the Dark Arts at age
eleven, suggest that his home life was not a happy one, and that he was
accustomed to fending for himself. And from the very beginning, he made
an enemy of James Potter, though we aren't told exactly how that came
about.
Five years later, James was a popular Quidditch star,
but also had a reputation as an egotist who hexed anyone he didn't
like; while Snape had apparently become unpopular indeed, and the two
remained bosom enemies. James had his Marauders, and Snape had fallen
in with Rosier, Wilkes and the rest.
Let's look first at the Pensieve scene.
- After
five years of rivalry, why did Snape--an intelligent person, with good
reasons to feel paranoid--absent-mindedly wander off alone while the
Marauders were in the vicinity, leaving himself completely vulnerable? How could he relax enough to make that mistake?
My guess is, he didn't. Chances are, some of his Slytherin comrades were nearby as well, part of the crowd that Harry noticed.
- Why did none of them speak up when James began picking on Snape?
Even if they didn't really care, or were afraid of the Marauders, there
were enough witnesses present that House pride should have compelled
them to act.
Could they have let the situation play out just to see how Snape would deal with it?
- Why did Lily step in on behalf of an unpopular, unattractive Slytherin known to practice the Dark Arts?
The simplest answer is that she was a nice, fair-minded person, and
found Snape no more annoying than James. The hardcore shipper's answer,
of course, would be that she liked Snape. (I'm not entirely convinced,
but there's nothing in canon to preclude it.)
The point upon which the entire issue hinges, for me, is the 'Mudblood' remark.
- If Snape had any positive feelings toward Lily, how could he call her a Mudblood?
Well, consider: what else could he have done, under the circumstances?
There
he was, at the mercy of the Marauders, with an audience looking on.
Either his friends weren't around, or they chose not to intervene.
Regardless, it seems very likely that they would hear all about the
incident. And this was during Voldemort's first rise to power, when
anti-Muggle sentiment was raging among the purebloods--including the
Slytherin students.
And then up steps a Muggle-born Gryffindor girl, and lays into James Potter on Snape's behalf.
Imagine
what must have gone through Severus's mind. On the one hand, a
beautiful girl was trying to help him, standing up to the big
Gryffindor Quidditch hero and giving him what-for in front of everyone.
Positive attention of any kind from a pretty girl was likely a rarity
in Snape's life. I don't see how it could not turn his head.
But
on the other hand, rescue by a mere girl must have been a serious blow
to an already-fragile, adolescent male ego. And what would happen if he
let the incident pass unremarked, or worse yet, thanked her? If the
other Slytherins got the idea that they were friends, or more than
friends? Surely Snape was aware of the situation outside the castle's
walls, and the anti-Muggle sentiment within his House. (He may also
have bought into the propaganda, rendering the situation all the more
confusing and disconcerting if he was attracted to Lily.)
And
this isn't even taking into account what the Marauders might do to him
later, after Lily was safely out of earshot. Alpha Male James was
unlikely to tolerate even the remote possibility of competition from
his arch-enemy.
In short, it's quite possible that Lily put Severus in an even worse predicament by interfering--and endangered herself to boot.
Note
that Snape didn't come right out with the insult the moment Lily
appeared, or even the moment he was out of James' clutches. He said
nothing, until James pointedly called attention to the fact that Lily
had just saved his bacon.
We don't know whether this was the first such intervention--but no one acted surprised. And Lily apparently was
surprised at the insult--which she shouldn't have been, given the state
of House politics and Snape's unsavory reputation, unless she'd had
some reason to believe he would behave differently.
My final observation regarding the Pensieve memory: the chapter title. Why "Snape's Worst Memory"?
We're
talking about a man who has spent his life being humiliated, ignored,
attacked, and used in turn. He's taken the Dark Mark...betrayed and
spied upon the most dangerous people in the Wizarding World...barely
escaped becoming a chew toy for a werewolf and an enormous three-headed
dog. He's had long-awaited vengeance snatched from under his prominent
nose by a meddlesome teenager. (It's possible that the title simply
reflects Harry's impression of the scene--but Harry knows these things
as well as we do.)
It seems to me a little incredible that being
flipped wrong-side up with his drawers exposed could really be the
worst thing that ever happened to Snape. Unless, perhaps, what makes it
so bad is the memory of his own behavior that day--and the knowledge of
what it may have cost him.
Moving right along...
- What could spark an attraction between two such vastly different characters, particularly a Slytherin and a Gryffindor? This is probably the single most difficult point of the ship to justify.
The
simple fact that James Potter was interested in Lily may have been
enough to attract Snape's attention. She is of course described as
beautiful, and her status as Head Girl suggests that she must have been
highly intelligent, a diligent student, or both. Considering his own
zealousness in taking his O.W.L.S., the standards he sets for his
N.E.W.T.-level classes, and the amount of time he spends denigrating
his students' intelligence (or lack thereof,) Snape apparently places a
great deal of value on intellect and academic achievement. (Although,
given his opinion of Hermione, we'll assume for the sake of the ship
that Lily didn't act like a know-it-all!)
Beyond that, I don't
think we've seen anyone else in canon (with the arguable exception of
Dumbledore) do Snape a genuine kindness. Quick to take to heart any
perceived injustice, I think he'd be equally affected by an act of
compassion--perhaps more so, given their rarity. Granted, Lily may have
been motivated more by annoyance at James than by concern for Severus;
but a fifteen-year-old-boy, whom we have every reason to believe was
starved for affection, would not necessarily have recognized the
difference--particularly if it happened more than once.
As for Lily, though I'm not convinced that the interest was reciprocated, she did
seem to have a soft spot for underdogs. If he had nothing else going
for him, Snape was smart and a good student, something Lily would have
respected. He demonstrates a quick mind and an effective command of the
language. Granted we've rarely seen him use those traits for much
besides cutting people down; but then, most times we've been treated to
a display of his caustic wit, he has either been speaking in Harry's
presence, or to someone else he has reasons to dislike--Quirrel,
Lockhart, Crouch!Moody, Umbridge, or one of the Marauders. Outside of
such situations, I can picture Snape possessing a dry, ironic sense of
humor that could be quite attractive.
One point of debate within the fandom is whether or not the five or six references within the books to Snape speaking silkily or sleekly,
and to his ability to effortlessly command a class's attention, are a
clue that he has an attractive or seductive voice. Some say this idea
is "movie contamination" stemming from Alan Rickman's portrayal of the
character. My guess, since JKR approved of Rickman's casting, is that
his voice can't be too far off the mark. While I doubt Snape would have
used it as effectively at fifteen as he does in his thirties, likely by
that age it would have finished changing, and may have become one of
his few noticeable, genuinely appealing traits. (But one which Harry,
our POV character, would be unlikely to appreciate.)
A device
often used to bring Snape and Lily together in fanfiction is an
assigned partnership in some class project, where they would notice one
another's virtues and share their common annoyance at James and
company. This strikes me as about the most plausible way it could
happen--otherwise, their paths wouldn't cross often or closely enough
for anything to develop.
- What prompted Sirius to play his Prank?
Was he really stupid enough to take such a risk, not only with Snape's
life but with Remus's, out of pure dislike--or could he have suspected
that the "greasy git" had his eye on the girl James fancied, and
perhaps vice versa? Marauder loyalty aside, being a pureblood and a
Black, he would have known what a disaster that kind of love triangle
could become.
- Why did James and Snape continue to clash, after James had stopped bullying everyone else?
It seems unlikely that Quidditch Envy alone was to blame by their
seventh year. But jealousy of another kind might well explain it. And
how did such a blistering rivalry manage to fly under Lily's
radar--unless both young men intentionally kept it from her?
- What changed Lily's mind about James?
We must assume that his oversize ego did eventually shrink. But a nice
Gryffindor girl who found herself attracted to a nasty Slytherin boy
might also go to considerable lengths to convince everyone (herself
included) that this was not the case. (Thanks to verseblack for pointing this out.)
- Why did Snape join the Death Eaters?
Likely for the same reasons his peers did--Pureblood pride, power and
glory. But the fact that he quit, where most Death Eaters didn't,
suggests to me that there's something in him that the others
lack--courage, intelligence, self-respect, take your pick--and that
therefore it may have taken more than the standard Minions Benefit
Package to make him join in the first place. Seeing Lily with James
might not have been enough by itself, but it could have been the final
straw.
Likewise, Snape may be too much the rationalist to have
risked life and limb defecting to Dumbledore's side merely because Lily
was in danger. But it could have been one of several factors leading to
the decision.
- Why did Voldemort tell Lily to stand aside?
I can't think of a single reason why he would do that of his own
accord. He doesn't scruple at killing "Mudbloods," obviously, and he
didn't hesitate to strike down James or to try for Harry. Someone must
have persuaded him to give Lily a chance--almost certainly a Death
Eater. And they'd have to offer a hell of a reason, and/or be highly
valuable to the cause.
A talented Dark Artist and Potions
expert, perhaps--one who could plausibly claim that he fancied his
arch-enemy's Mudblood wife for a plaything?
- What is the significance of asphodel and wormwood?ThirteenRavens notes in discussions here and here,
"Asphodel is a plant of the Lily family," and "Wormwood - Bitterness,
and absence or separation. Also protection and love. Asphodel -
'memorial sorrow, my regrets follow you to the grave'." An ironic
allusion which Harry couldn't possibly understand. (Perhaps now we know
why Snape didn't ask Hermione.)
- If Snape loved Lily, how could he hate Harry?
He certainly wasted no time in making his dislike known. Snape, the
rationalist who would later upbraid the same boy for failing to keep
his emotions in check. (One would almost think he was speaking from
experience.) Was his hatred of James-the-bully really so strong that he
was unable to overcome it, even a decade after James's death? Or was
there more to it?
If we accept the premise of the Severus/Lily
ship, then Harry Potter is a walking, talking, green-eyed reminder of
the two people Snape least wants to remember, and of his failure to
save them--the enemy to whom he owed his life, and the woman he loved,
but lost to that same man.
The child who, if things had been different, could--perhaps should--have been his.
No wonder he hates the kid. No wonder he tries so hard to protect him.
It
strikes me as unlikely (though not wholly unbelievable) that there was
any ongoing physical relationship/affair. To me the whole thing feels
necessarily unrequited, and exclusive to Snape. If, however, such a
relationship did exist, I would guess that it ended due to its
discovery by the Marauders or by Rosier, Wilkes, etc. before or during
their seventh year; or else when Severus took the Dark Mark. (I can't
picture Lily continuing a romance with an unrepentant Death Eater.)
There
is one aspect of this ship I've chosen not to explore, due to length
and because I personally find it implausible, and that is
Snape-as-Harry's-real-father. This one I simply can't buy into at all,
for two reasons: Harry's striking resemblance to James, and his
Patronus, the stag--which manifested before he even knew of James's
Animagus form. While it's possible to explain these things away, I've
yet to see it done convincingly.
V. Conclusion
The
notion of unrequited or star-crossed lovers upon which this ship rests
is sometimes dismissed as cliché, or too obvious. But if it is a
cliché, it's one as old as love stories, and it forms the basis for
some of the most beloved and enduring: Romeo and Juliet; Lancelot and Gueneviere; The Hunchback of Notre Dame; Bonny Barbara Allen; Beauty and the Beast.
Love lost, denied, misplaced, gone wrong, doomed from the
beginning--don't we see these themes played out in reality every day?
And such tragic, misbegotten attractions have been at the root of some
of the most spectacular hatreds the world has ever seen.
To
me, a Snape who hates Harry Potter solely because he was bullied by
James is a somewhat pathetic figure. His attempts to protect the boy
out of a sense of obligation are admirable, but not particularly
moving. I'd expect no less of any responsible adult, and with a good
deal less attitude.
But a Snape who hates Harry as the walking
incarnation, not only of his own childhood trauma, but of everything he
ever wanted and was denied--the reminder of what might have been, if
not for Voldemort, or fate, or his own mistakes--that's something
different. It lends a poignancy to their interactions, making Snape's
efforts to get along with Harry look less like a half-hearted
concession to duty, and more like a real struggle to honor something
good and worthy that was once part of his life.
It also casts
Lily's shadow over the present in an immediate and tangible way, where
otherwise she seems a remote, idealized figure (in contrast to James,
whose presence permeates the series strongly, through Harry and in the
memories of his classmates.)
Dumbledore
has told us of the power of love over evil. A Snape who has never
loved, cannot be loved, is incapable of love--what is there, really, to
set him apart from Voldemort? Isn't one such soulless creature more
than enough?
I leave you, Gentle Reader, with a few quotes, and a collection of links to begin your exploration of this ship:
---
Jeremy Paxman: And Harry's mother? Did [Snape] have a crush on Harry's mother or unrequited love or anything like that? JK Rowling: Hence his animosity to Harry? Jeremy Paxman: Yes. JK Rowling: You speculate? Jeremy Paxman: I speculate, yes, I'm just asking whether you can tell us. JK Rowling: No I can't tell you. But you do find out a lot more about Snape and quite a lot more about him actually.
"One of our internet correspondents wondered if Snape is going to fall in love." (JKR laughs) "Who on earth would want Snape in love with them? That's a very horrible idea."
(Author's note: What a sad thing to say about anyone--and how beautifully JKR sidesteps the question!)
"Not
only a singularly gifted witch but also an uncommonly kind one...
[Lily] had a way of seeing the beauty in others, even and perhaps most
especially when that person could not see it in themselves."
--Remus J. Lupin, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (The Movie)
"I
really got goose bumps when I saw a couple of those things, and I
thought, people are going to look back on the film and think that those
were put in deliberately as clues."
There's very little nice Snape/Lily fanart to be found, but Elisa Poggese has some nifty pieces, mostly in a style reminiscent of Barry Windsor-Smith. Two examples: